Health Benefits of Eating Grapes

Grape is a fruiting berry regarded as the queen of fruits, cultivated 6,000–8,000 years ago. With its sweet and delicious taste it is one of the affective natural sources to prevent different diseases and ensure a healthy life. It is enriched with vitamins, proteins, fats, calcium, iron and...
Original Source: Health Benefits of Eating Grapes

10 Effective Health Benefits of Eating Garlic (Allium sativum)

Human has been using garlic (Allium sativum) for treating different disorders from ancient times and garlic has been extremely effective in curing and preventing several diseases including those caused by microbes. Hippocrates was the first to mention the effectiveness of garlic as a medicinal...
Original Source: 10 Effective Health Benefits of Eating Garlic (Allium sativum)

Reproduction in Fungi, Learn How Fungi Reproduce

Fungi

The word fungi is derived from fungue meaning brush like structure. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms. They are very beneficial organisms. A number of useful antibiotics are derived from them. i.e. penicillin. Without involvement of fungi, we can not make cheese, beer and other alcoholic foods. Mushrooms are also important food stuff for human beings. It has a lot of protein, vitamins and so many other minerals.

Characteristics

· They are eukaryotic organisms

· They are heterotrophs

· Lack chlorophyll and plastids

· Mode of nutrition is absorptive

· Plasma membrane contains ergosterol instead of cholesterol

· Cell wall is composed of chitin and various glucans, mannans and complex polysaccharides.

· Primary carbohudrate storage form is glycogen

· The structure is thallus like. It may composed of unicellular or multicellular hyphae

Reproduction of Fungi

In some primitive aquatic fungi, the interior thallus is transformed into one or more reproductive structures. Such fungi are called holocarpic, aquacarpic or hydrocarpic fungi. In majority of fungi, however the only a portion of mycelium is used in the formation of reproductive structure. These fungi are called eucarpic fungi.

Asexual Reproduction

Several crops of asexual reproductive structures are produced during the life cycle of fungi. This is the principle mean by which fungus is propagated. Asexual reproduction is accomplished by following methods.

1. Fragmentation

Any part of hyphae is capable of developing into ne mycelium under favorable conditions. Similarly, newly born mycelium is also capable of making new mycelium in favorable conditions. If the conditions are unfavorable, the mycelium is unable to form reproduce.

2. Blastopore

Small outgrowth appears on one side of parental cell which gradually enlarges and reach the size of its parent. It may remain attach to the parent cell for some time. Eventually it breaks off from its parent in the form of a spore. Such spores are called blastospore. When they become mature, they give rise to another bud and cycle continues.

3. Spores

The common method of asexual reproduction is by spores. Any vegetative cell may be transformed into a more or less specialized reproductive cells called spore.

Some fungi produce more than one type of spores and as many as four different type of spores may be produced in few fungi. These are called polymorphic fungi.

Biodiversity of Gilgit Baltistan

Biodiversity of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan

Wildlife watching is simply an activity that involves the watching of wildlife animals. It is the observation and study of wild animals with the naked eye, through visual enhancement device like binocular and spotting scope.

Gilgit-Baltistan is called high altitude desert, mostly constitute on mountainous area results harsh winter and pleasant summer where this harsh climatic condition support largest glacier in the world outside of the polar region. Three great mountain ranges, the Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindukash are located within premises of Gilgit-Baltistan are the main attractions for trekker, mountaineers and tourists. Gilgit- Baltistan is home to unique wildlife biodiversity which are considered globally important for conservation like snow leopard, marcopolo sheep, blue sheep, Himalayan ibex and musk deer etc. the protected areas of G-B include 4 national parks 3 game reserve and 7 meant to conserve unique wildlife biodiversity while 22 Community control hunting areas have also been declared.

Gilgit-Baltistan can be hot spot for wildlife watching tourism, for conservation and sustainable use of natural resources there is great need to introduce new approaches of conservation of unique wildlife biodiversity. The government agencies, tourism sector and wildlife conservation associated NGOs and electronic media need to put their hands to attract the national and international tourist toward wildlife tourism. Wildlife watching tourism can make important contribution to community development and conservation simultaneously by raising awareness of the animal observed and their habitat by creating revenues for conservation and creating jobs, income for local communities. There are 22 Community controlled hunting areas in GB to uplift socio economic condition of communities but this practice adversely affects on the population of some wildlife species e.g. blue sheep, astore markhor if this practice continue for 5 year as some species of globally important could be extinct. The decline of wildlife population is not taken into account by the concerned authorities. Now this is time to introduce new approaches for conservation of animals which could benefit community also. Wildlife watching can be alternate of trophy hunting which has only merits and zero percent demerits but unfortunately wildlife watching has not been introduce so far, this can generate reasonable revenue.

There is also need for greater understanding of the cost and benefits of managing wildlife sites for wildlife watching tourism, including the cost of providing necessary visitor facility such as roads and trails to inaccessible areas plus constructing sighting points.

Wildlife watching can only be sustainable if it contributes to the conservation and survival of the watched species and their habitat while providing economic benefits for local communities.

Sustainability of wildlife watching could be achieved through participatory approaches involving all stakeholders including government authorities, tourism sector; Conservation based NGOs and local communities of the area. Other important fact and factors which could be helpful for sustainability of wildlife watching include understanding biology of species, capacity build of tourist guides, provision of net revenue to communities and better management of tourism in protected areas and wildlife viewing sites.

The Deosai National Park is located in Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The park is located on the Deosai Plains of the Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe, among the highest plateaus in the world with an average height of 4,114 metres (13,497 ft) above the sea level, covering an area of about 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi). For just over half the year - between November and May - Deosai is snow-bound. In the summer months when the snow clears up, Deosai is accessible from Skardu in the north and the Astore Valley in the west. Deosai is well known for its spring season when it is covered by a carpet of millions of flowers and a wide variety of butterflies. 

Sheosar Lake (Urdu: شاؤسر جھیل) also known as  Shausar Lake is very eye catching and beautiful lake in North Pakistan this lake is situated in Deosai National Park, Northern Areas of Pakistan presently Gilgit-Baltistan province . The lake is at an elevation of 4,142 m (13,589 feet). Its approximate length is reported to be 2.3 km (1.4 miles), width 1.8 km (1.2 miles) and average depth 40 m (131 feet). A large number of national local visitors visited Sheosar Lake even international visitors also visited and stay near this lake. Mostly International tourist camps their and watch the heaven on earth while they are travelling this lake. The best time of visiting this beautiful lake is summer like June to Sep and this lake has a  clarity of the water and civered with heavy snowfall and this water comes from the multiple glaciers all around the high basin feeding the lake, which attracts the tourist from around the globe.